In survey research, what is a closed-ended question?

In survey research, a closed-ended question is one that provides predefined answer options for respondents. This format allows participants to select an answer from a given set of choices, which can simplify data analysis and facilitate statistical comparisons. Closed-ended questions are particularly effective for collecting quantitative data, as they limit the responses to specific categories or scales (e.g., yes/no, Likert scales, multiple choice). This structure not only streamlines the process for both the researcher and the respondent but also enhances the reliability of responses by minimizing variability in how questions are interpreted.

The other choices involve different question types. For instance, the option describing a question requiring a detailed written response pertains to open-ended questions that encourage expansive and qualitative input. Similarly, a question designed to gather qualitative feedback also aligns with open-ended formats. The choice about allowing respondents to choose from multiple categories may sound similar to closed-ended questions but does not fully encapsulate the essence of the predefined options that characterize closed-ended questions. All these nuances highlight why the correct focus is specifically on predefined answer options as the hallmark of closed-ended questions.