What characterizes a random sample?

A random sample is characterized by the principle that every individual within the population has an equal chance of being selected. This approach ensures that the sample is representative of the population, minimizing bias and providing a more accurate reflection of the broader group. This characteristic is fundamental in research as it supports the validity of the findings, allowing researchers to generalize the results from the sample back to the population from which it was drawn.

This method contrasts sharply with sampling techniques based on specific groups, convenience, or researcher preference, which can introduce biases and limit the generalizability of the findings. By eliminating selection bias, random sampling enhances the reliability of the research outcomes and strengthens the overall rigor of the study.