What characterizes case studies as a research method?

Case studies are a qualitative research method characterized by an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, event, or organization. They are particularly valuable for exploring unique or atypical cases that can provide rich insights into complex issues. This method allows researchers to gather comprehensive information, often using various data sources such as interviews, observations, and documents, to develop a deep understanding of the subject being studied.

The focus on unique individuals or organizations allows researchers to examine phenomena in great detail, which can reveal distinctive features and insights that might be overlooked in studies using larger sample sizes. This thorough examination helps to generate hypotheses and inform future research directions, making case studies a potent tool in fields such as psychology, sociology, and education.

In contrast, gathering data from large samples typically characterizes quantitative research methods, which aim for statistical generalizability rather than in-depth exploration. Intensive examination of typical subjects does not align with the case study approach, as the emphasis is on the unique aspects rather than the normative or average experience. Likewise, case studies are often time-intensive and may not always be quick or inexpensive to conduct, particularly if they involve extensive qualitative data collection and analysis.