What distinguishes random sampling from convenience sampling?

Random sampling is characterized by giving every individual in a population an equal chance of being selected for the study. This method aims to eliminate bias in the selection process, making the sample representative of the entire population. By contrast, convenience sampling involves selecting individuals based on their easy availability and accessibility, which can introduce bias since it may not accurately reflect the broader population. This distinction is crucial in research because the validity and generalizability of the results depend significantly on how well the sample represents the target population. Random sampling leads to more reliable and applicable findings, while convenience sampling may merely reflect the characteristics of those who are readily available, rather than the population as a whole.