What does it mean to have a representative sample?

Having a representative sample means that the characteristics of the sample closely match those of the larger population from which it is drawn. This ensures that the findings or conclusions drawn from the sample can be generalized to the wider population. A representative sample captures the diversity and key traits, such as age, gender, ethnicity, and other demographic factors, present in the entire group.

This concept is crucial in research, as it prevents biases that could distort results. When a sample accurately reflects the population, the research findings can be more valid and applicable to real-world scenarios, enhancing the reliability of the study's outcomes.

The other options do not accurately describe a representative sample. Including all members of a population describes a census rather than sampling, while selecting a sample randomly without regard to characteristics may lead to a biased representation. Over-representing minority groups can skew results and limit the generalizability of the findings. Thus, understanding what constitutes a representative sample is key for conducting effective and credible research.