What is a case study in research methodology?

A case study in research methodology is defined as an in-depth investigation of a single case or phenomenon within its real-life context. This approach is particularly valuable for obtaining detailed qualitative data that can highlight the complexities and subtleties of the subject being studied. Case studies allow researchers to explore the intricacies of a specific situation, organization, event, or individual, often incorporating various sources of information such as interviews, observations, and documents.

By focusing on one case, researchers can uncover deeper insights and understand how particular factors interact and influence outcomes. The context in which the case exists is crucial, as it helps to provide a holistic view of the subject matter. This method is especially effective in fields such as social sciences, psychology, and education, where understanding the nuances of human behavior and interactions is essential.

In contrast to other options, analyzing statistical data across multiple cases lacks the depth provided by a case study and primarily focuses on quantifiable findings rather than rich, qualitative insights. Reviewing existing literature does not involve a specific case investigation but rather synthesizes known information on a topic. Conducting experiments in controlled environments pertains to experimental research methods, which prioritize establishing causal relationships rather than the comprehensive understanding that a case study aims to achieve.