What is indicated by the term 'sample size' in research studies?

The term 'sample size' in research studies specifically refers to the number of participants selected for the study. A larger sample size can enhance the reliability of the results by reducing the margin of error and improving the representativeness of the findings, allowing for more generalizable conclusions about the population from which the sample is drawn. When researchers determine the sample size, they consider factors such as the effect size, power, significance level, and the variability of the data to ensure that the sample is adequate to draw meaningful insights.

The other choices are related to aspects of research but do not define 'sample size.' The diversity of the participants pertains to the characteristics of the sample, not how many participants there are. The overall budget relates to the financial resources committed to the research, while the duration of the study describes the time frame within which the research is conducted. Understanding the specific definition of sample size is crucial for conducting and interpreting research effectively.