What type of research examines data at one specific point in time?

Cross-sectional research is designed to analyze data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at a single point in time. This type of research provides a snapshot of a particular issue or phenomenon, allowing researchers to assess the current status, trends, or relationships among variables at that moment. It is particularly useful for identifying patterns or correlations without the influence of time-related changes, which can complicate the interpretation of results.

In contrast, longitudinal research tracks the same subjects over an extended period, examining changes over time. Case study research focuses on an in-depth investigation of a single entity or a small number of entities, often over time but not limited to a specific moment. Experimental research, on the other hand, involves manipulation of variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships, typically requiring data collection at different time intervals to analyze responses. Thus, the defining characteristic of cross-sectional research is its focus on a singular snapshot in time, making it the most appropriate answer to the question.