What type of sampling involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics?

The correct answer is based on the method of participant selection that focuses on specific characteristics relevant to the research. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where researchers deliberately choose individuals who possess particular traits or qualifications that align with the research's objectives. This method is particularly useful when studying specific populations or when certain characteristics are pivotal to the study's focus.

In contrast to random sampling, which aims for a broader representation by selecting participants randomly to avoid bias, and stratified sampling, which involves dividing the population into subgroups and randomly sampling from each group, purposive sampling selects participants based on well-defined criteria, making it more targeted. Additionally, cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters (often geographically) and randomly selecting entire clusters to participate, which does not focus on specific characteristics of individuals within those clusters. Therefore, purposive sampling is distinguished by its intentional selection based on relevant attributes.