Which of the following reflects qualitative data analysis?

The identification of themes and patterns within data is a hallmark of qualitative data analysis. Unlike quantitative data, which focuses on numerical values and statistical calculations, qualitative data analysis emphasizes understanding the meaning and context behind the data. This approach involves examining text, interviews, or observations to uncover recurring themes, insights, and narratives that provide a deeper understanding of a phenomenon.

Qualitative analysis often includes coding data, categorizing responses, and interpreting the underlying messages, which are crucial for exploring complex behaviors, experiences, and social processes. This method is particularly useful in fields such as social sciences, psychology, and anthropology, where the richness of human experience is examined beyond what can be quantified. In contrast, the other choices reflect quantitative research methods that rely on numerical data and statistical analysis rather than thematic exploration.