Which of the following tools is commonly used for data analysis in qualitative research?

NVivo is a specialized software tool designed specifically for qualitative data analysis. It provides researchers with the ability to organize, analyze, and visualize non-numerical data such as interviews, focus groups, open-ended survey responses, and other text-based data. NVivo allows users to code data segments, explore themes, and derive insights in a structured way, which is crucial in qualitative research where understanding the context and meaning behind the data is key.

Other tools mentioned, like SPSS and R, are primarily statistical analysis software used for quantitative research, focusing on numerical data and complex statistical tests. Excel, while versatile for data manipulation and basic analysis, lacks the specific qualitative coding and thematic analysis features that NVivo offers. Thus, NVivo stands out as the most suitable tool for qualitative research data analysis.