Which statement best defines a research question?

A research question is a fundamental aspect of any study, serving as a guiding framework that directs the research process. The correct choice focuses on the core purpose of a research question, which is to inquire about the existence or nature of a relationship between variables. This inquiry is essential in formulating hypotheses, guiding the methodology, and steering the analysis in a research project.

When researchers pose a question about whether a relationship exists between variables, they set the stage for investigation. This allows for the exploration of factors that may influence each other or correlate in significant ways. A well-defined research question is vital, as it provides clarity, focus, and direction for the investigation, ensuring that the study remains relevant and targeted toward answering that specific inquiry.

The other options address different aspects of research but do not encapsulate the essence of what a research question is meant to achieve. Confirming findings, outlining methods, or summarizing results are important elements of the research process but are not the defining characteristic of a research question itself. These elements come into play after the question is established, once researchers work through their methodology and present the outcomes of their investigations.