Which statement best defines a research question?

A research question fundamentally seeks to explore the relationship between two or more variables, often guiding the direction of a study. This question is crucial as it establishes the focus and objectives of the research.

When a research question asks whether a relationship exists between variables, it implicitly sets up the framework for investigating how these variables may interact, influence, or correlate with one another. This inquiry might lead to hypotheses that are tested throughout the research process, helping to uncover new insights and contribute to existing knowledge in the field.

In contrast, options that involve confirming previous findings, outlining methods, or summarizing results do not encapsulate the essence of what a research question is. These aspects are crucial parts of the research process but serve different purposes. Confirming findings relates to the validation aspect of research, outlining methods pertains to the study design, and summarizing results is about presenting data after the research has been completed. Thus, the role of a research question is distinct from these other components.